Another diagnostic feature of TRD is the presence of stromata (deadman’s fingers) colonizing soybean or other crop debris remaining from the previous growing season.
Diseased plants snap at the soil line, providing a key diagnostic feature in the field. The inner pith is colonized with robust, white mycelium. The lower soybean stem and taproot appear black, dry, and brittle. As the name indicates, the taproot is attacked by the pathogen Xylaria necrophora. Taproot decline (TRD) of soybean is an emerging disease of soybean that has warranted much attention within the past five years. These studies advance the understanding of host–microbe interactions in TRD and the part of biomes in plant health and disease. Networks of significant co-occurrence and co-exclusion relationships revealed direct and indirect associations among taxa and identified hubs with potential roles in assembling healthy and TRD-affected soybean biomes. necrophora decreased mycobiome diversity, whereas it increased microbiome richness. TRD impacted the root endophytes, causing imbalances at the intermediate and advanced stages of TRD, X. The plant compartment was a significant factor regulating taxonomic diversity, followed by the disease status of the plant. We applied nuclear ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacers and 16S rRNA gene taxonomic marker sequencing to define the composition of the fungal and bacterial communities associated with healthy and diseased soybean roots collected from the Mississippi Delta. TRD disease occurrence and yield loss associated with TRD are outstanding issues in soybean production. Taproot decline (TRD) of soybean is an emerging disease caused by Xylaria necrophora. Limited information exists on plant–microbe interactions occurring during natural outbreaks in agricultural fields. Invading pathogens interact with plant-associated microbial communities, which can be altered under the pressure of pathogen infection.
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